INTEGRASI TEORI KONEKTIVISME DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DIGITAL ABAD KE 21: MODEL, STRATEGI DAN TANTANGANNYA

الملخص

The development of 21st-century digital technology is driving a shift from traditional learning to networked learning. However, studies that systematically integrate connectivism theory into digital learning practices are still limited. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of how connectivism can serve as a theoretical foundation for designing digital learning relevant to 21st-century competencies. Through a literature review of recent research, this article identifies three pillars of connectivism integration: the development of network-based learning environments, the use of technology as a cognitive extension, and the strengthening of learners' roles as managers of knowledge connections. The findings indicate that connectivism not only facilitates access to distributed knowledge but also encourages curriculum transformation and the repositioning of educators as network facilitators. This research's theoretical contribution lies in mapping the model of connectivism integration within the modern digital learning ecosystem. However, challenges related to infrastructure, digital literacy, and adaptive policies remain major obstacles. This article recommends strategies for strengthening digital literacy and developing connectivity-based education policies in response to the needs of 21st-century learning.